What is information technology? How can information technology be used in an
organization to improve its efficiency? How much investment should an organization
make in information technology? What are the business benefits and opportunities an
organization may achieve from using information technology? These are some of the
most important questions many organizations ask themselves before investing their
capitals in information technology. 

In an academic term, information technology is defined as hardware, software,
telecommunications, database management, and other information processing
technologies used in computer-based information systems. There are many ways that
organizations may view and use information technology. However, in today's competitive
business environment technology is no longer an afterthought in forming business
strategy, but it is the actual cause and driver. In other words, for a firm to maintain or
improve its business competitiveness it must use information technology to achieve
strategic advantage. 

Information technology can help a company substantially reduce the cost of business
processes and lower the costs of customers or suppliers. 
Information technology can help a company differentiate its products and services from
others. 

Using information technology, a firm can create new products and services or make
radical changes to business processes. 
A firm can use information technology to manage regional and global business
expansion or to diversify and integrate into other products and services. 

A firm can use information technology to create virtual organizations of business
partners or to develop alliances with customers, suppliers, and other business partners. 
Information technology can dramatically improve the efficiency of business processes
and the quality of products and services. 

Using information technology, a firm can build a strategic information base of all the
information collected. 

Some experts argue that use of information technology has become a strategic necessity
rather than a strategic advantage, because most competitive advantages don't last more
than a few years. Whether the statement is true or not, most companies may not want to
wait too long before investing in information technology because it would be tough to
catch up later once you get behind your competitors, especially when everyone is
playing with newer, better technology.

Electronic commerce (or simply e-commerce) is more than just buying and selling
products or services online. It encompasses the entire online process of developing,
marketing, selling, delivering, servicing, and paying for products and services. E-
commerce systems rely on the resources of the Inteet and other computer networks to
support every step of the process. Through an e-commerce system, customers can order
and make payment for the products or services they purchase online and receive support
at the company's websites through the Inteet. It also allows customers and suppliers to
participate in product development via Inteet newsgroups and E-mail exchanges. There
are three basic types of e-commerce applications: business-to-business (B2B), business-
to-consumer (B2C), and consumer-to-consumer (C2C). 

Business-to-business (B2B) e-commerce is the online automation of purchase and sale
transactions from business to business. Many companies use secure Inteet or
extranets for their business customers and suppliers to access to their websites while
some may rely on electronic data interchange (EDI) systems. Cisco Systems, a leading
manufacturer of computer networking equipment, makes about 40 percent of its sales
online. These activities include order taking, credit check, production scheduling and
technical support to their customers. General Electric and the United Parcel Service
(UPS) are a few of many other firms that offer B2B e-commerce sites. 

Business-to-consumer (B2C) e-commerce creates electronic marketplaces where
businesses promote and sell products and services directly to consumers. In this form of
electronic commerce, which has grown into a multibillion dollar market, businesses can
bypass intermediaries such as distributors or retail outlets. Companies like Amazon.com
and Dell Corporation offer e-commerce websites that provide virtual storefronts and
multimedia catalogs, interactive order processing, secure electronic payment systems,
and online customer support. 

Consumer-to-consumer (C2C) e-commerce is an important alteative for business-to-
business or business-to-consumer e-commerce. In this form of e-commerce, consumers
can buy and sell products and services with each other in an auction process at an
auction website. Through an online auction site like e-Bay, one of the most successful
C2C e-commerce models, consumers or businesses can participate in or sponsor
consumer or business auctions. Other forms of consumer-to-consumer e-commerce
include personal advertising of products or services by consumers at electronic
newspaper sites, consumer e-commerce portals, or personal websites.

I left Korea 25 years ago for Toronto, Ontario, Canada. I was 17 years old at that time.
Now everyone knows how old I am. As any immigrant who left his or her own country for
a new place looking for a better life, I believe the first five years of my living in Canada
were the most challenging ones. 

It did not take long time for me to realize that I would have to face one of the biggest
challenges in my life: the language problem. Although I had leaed English in high
schools for almost for five years before coming to Canada, I did not find it useful in day-
to-day living at this new place. My frustrations, stemming from lack of my English
conversation skills, included ordering food at a fast-food restaurant, phone conversation,
and conversations with neighbors. 

The most frustrating moment was my inability to explain to other people when I was
accused of something I did not do. Knowing that I was not able to defend myself properly
due to lack of conversation skills, a few people often took advantage of me for their own
benefits. 

However, throughout the years I met a lot of good people who gave me strength and
encouragement. Among those people in my heart I still remember Mrs. Overholts. Mrs.
Overholts was working in the Counsellor's Office at the high school I attended for two
years, and she gave me a lot of valued advice and directions in regards to my academic
life, as well as my personal one. 

My dear friends in my high school also helped me not only to survive in the new country
but also taught me the new cultures and systems. Some of them went to the same
university as I did, while others went to different institutions. I am still in contact with
many of them, but wherever they are I believe they are making a positive contribution to
the society. 

I owe the most to my father; my mother, who passed away seven years ago; and my
brothers. We were neither rich nor poor, but we stuck together all the time. My parents
taught me love, care, and kindness through their actions, not just their words. It was
from my family that I got strength when I was weak. It was my family who listened to me
ome a more mature and independent human being. I thank all of those who played a
role in some way to help me out during the transition period of my life.

What is business? A business includes all the activities involved to create and sell a
product or service. The most important functional areas of business include: accounting,
finance, marketing, production/operations, and human resources management.


Accounting is a field of business that records and reports the flow of funds through a
firm on a historical basis and produces important financial statements such as balance
sheets and income statements. It also produces forecasts of future conditions such as
projected financial statements and financial budgets, and evaluates the firm's financial
performance against the forecasts.


The finance area of business supports a firm in decisions conceing the financing of the
firm's business and the allocation and control of financial resources within the firm.
Major activities of finance include cash and investment management, capital budgeting,
financial forecasting, and financial plaing. The cash and investment management
activities forecast and manage the firm's cash position and short-term and other
securities. The capital budgeting activity involves evaluating the profitability and risk of
proposed capital expenditures. The financial plaing process evaluates the present and
projected financial performance of the firm and projects the firm's future financial needs.
The marketing function of business is conceed with the plaing, promotion, sale, and
distribution of existing products or services in existing markets, and the development of
new products and new markets in order to better serve existing and potential customers
with quality products and services. It is also responsible for customer relationship
management, product plaing, pricing, advertising, after-sale service, and market
research and forecasting.


The production/operations function focuses on the management of all activities
conceed with the plaing and control of the processes producing goods or services.
These activities include purchasing of raw material and parts, product design, inventory,
manufacturing processes, facilities location and layout, quality control, and such other
logistics as distribution and transportation.


The human resource management function involves the recruitment, placement,
evaluation, compensation, and development of a firm's employees. With the main goal of
the effective and efficient use of a firm's human capital, the human resources
management function supports plaing to meet the persoel needs of the business,
development of employees to their full potential, and control of all persoel policies and
programs.


While each of the aforementioned functional areas within a firm used to operate
somewhat independently with its own objectives and resources, information and other
computer technologies have integrated all business functions within the firm and created
something called "an Inteet worked e-business enterprise."
 

[DATE, ex. Wednesday, June 11, 1998]


[NAME, COMPANY AND ADDRESS, ex.
John Smith
XYZ Inc.
1234 First Street
Suite 567
Anycity, Anystate  85245]

Dear [NAME, ex. John Smith],

Congratulations! I just heard the wonderful news.

I respect and admire your choice of partner and I have no doubt that the two of you will compliment one another.

I wish you all the best in the years to come.

Best regards,


[YOUR NAME, ex. Jill Jones]

PS.    You know who to call if you ever need any "words of wisdom".

*************************
Best regards: بهترین آرزوها

در نامه های دوستانه اما تا حدی رسمی

(with) kind/best regards:
(=used to end a letter in a friendly but rather formal way)



 PS or P.S:مخفف پی نوشت

postscript a note written at the end of a letter, adding more information

Example:

The Caribbean Sea is the large body of water that lies north of the northe tip of South
America. Within the Caribbean sea are many islands that have played an important role
in the history and culture of the Weste hemisphere.  
By far the largest island in the Caribbean is Cuba. Cuba was formerly a colony of Spain,
but became independent in 1902. Cuba became a Communist country in 1959, when a
revolution overthrew an unpopular govement. After the revolution, many Cubans fled
to the United States. Today, the American city of Miami, in the state of Florida, has been
greatly influenced by Cuban culture. Tobacco is widely grown in Cuba, and the country is
famous for the cigars that are produced in the capital city, Havana.  
The island of Hispaniola is located just east of Cuba. This island is divided into two
countries. In the west is Haiti, where the people speak a variety of the French language
that has been influenced by African languages. In the east is the Dominican Republic,
where the people speak Spanish.  
Another important Caribbean island is Puerto Rico. This was previously a Spanish colony,
but it is now goveed by the United States. Many people from Puerto Rico have moved
to the mainland United States, especially the New York area.  
In many other islands in the Caribbean, English is the main language. The largest of
these islands is Jamaica, which is located just south of Cuba. Most Jamaicans are the
descendants of African people who were brought to work as slaves on sugar plantations.
Jamaica is famous as the birthplace of the style of music called "reggae," which was
popularized in other countries by Bob Marley, a famous Jamaican musician.  
Another important English-speaking Caribbean island is Trinidad. This island is located
just north of South America. The population of Trinidad is very diverse. The largest
groups of people are descended from people who came from Africa and India, but there
are many other nationalities also. Trinidad is famous for a style of music known as
"calypso," and for musicians who produce pleasant sounds by playing steel drums.  
There are also many other, smaller islands in the Caribbean, each with its own unique
features. Many of these islands possess fine beaches, and are popular tourist
destinations. The warm weather of the Caribbean makes it a popular place for North
Americans who must live through cold winters!

During the summer of 1914, many people in Europe felt very optimistic about the future.
Mode technology was improving people's lives. Political freedom was gradually
increasing in many countries. New artistic styles and scientific discoveries were being
made. But later that summer, a terrible war began.  
In the early twentieth century, the various countries of Europe competed with each other
in an attempt to be the most powerful country on the continent. In each country, many of
the political leaders wanted to control more land, more people, and more resources.  
The First World War began when the archduke of Austria-Hungary was assassinated.
Austria-Hungary wanted to punish the assassin, who was from the small country of
Serbia. This led to a serious dispute, and soon other countries were involved. Within a
few weeks, a war had begun. On one side were Germany and Austria-Hungary, and on the
other side were Russia, France, and Britain.  
The people in these countries at first welcomed the news of a war. Many people were
 intensely patriotic, and supported the war effort without thinking carefully about the
reasons for the war. Some people thought that war would bring adventure and glory to
their lives, and they cheered enthusiastically in the streets.  
After the war started, it soon became clear that it was a terrible disaster. In the weste
part of Europe, the opposing sides fought many bloody battles. Soldiers on both sides
lived in filthy trenches that had been dug out of the ground. Sometimes, hundreds of
thousands of men were killed in battles that lasted only a few days. In most cases, these
battles did not result in large gains or losses of territory.  
The war continued for more than four years. When the war was finally over, millions of
people had been killed. Many people realized that their eageess to fight against other
countries had led them into a great disaster. This disaster did not end when the war
ended in 1918. During the next thirty years, there would be many violent revolutions in
Europe, and a second major war that would be even worse than the first.  
Today, people in most European countries no longer view other nations as enemies.
They have no interest in fighting wars with their neighbours. Instead, they are interested
in trading with the other countries, and in visiting those countries as tourists. The
lessons of the twentieth century have reminded people that wars can have terrible
consequences. 

Much of the music of eighteenth and nineteenth century Europe is still enjoyed by many
people. Two of the greatest musicians of that time were bo only thirty-four years apart,
and actually knew each other for a short time. These great musicians were Mozart and
Beethoven.  
Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart was bo in Austria in the year 1756. As a child, Mozart was a
musical prodigy. He began composing music before his fifth birthday, and by the time he
reached his teenage years, Mozart had already written many symphonies and other
musical works.  
As a young man, Mozart worked as a "concert-master" for the Archbishop of Salzburg, in
Austria. He also travelled to various European cities. When he was in his mid-twenties,
Mozart moved to the city of Viea. Mozart had difficulty eaing a living, but during this
time he wrote some excellent operas and string quartets. Many people did not yet
appreciate the greatness of Mozart's music.  
In his early thirties, Mozart became the court musician for the Emperor of Austria, and
during the next few years Mozart continued to write many beautiful works of music.
Mozart died in 1791, but although his life was short, his productivity had been enormous.
The beauty, grace, and technical precision of his music is still greatly admired, and he is
considered one of the greatest musicians of all time.  
When Mozart was in Viea, he met a young musician named Ludwig van Beethoven.
Beethoven performed some music for Mozart, who was greatly impressed by the talent of
this young man. Beethoven had been bo in Germany in 1770, and from an early age he
had displayed a great aptitude for music.  
Beethoven moved permanently to Viea in 1792. He studied music under some famous
composers, and became known for his outstanding skill in playing the piano. Beethoven
began to compose more of his own music, and these works became very popular. When
in his late twenties, Beethoven began to lose his hearing. He continued to compose
excellent music, but he became more withdrawn, and performed less frequently.  
By the year 1817, Beethoven had become completely deaf, and he could no longer
perform music. However, his creative genius did not deteriorate. Instead, Beethoven
created many of his greatest works despite his deafness. It was Beethoven's influence
that began the "Romantic" era of music, which followed the "classical" era of the
nineteenth century. Beethoven died in 1827, but his music remains famous for its beauty
and originality. His greatest symphonies, such as the Fifth Symphony, are among the
world's best-known works of music.  
Today, the works of Mozart and Beethoven are still popular among those who appreciate
great music. Music fans can look back with wonder at the musical creativity that
flourished in Viea more than two centuries ago. 

1
A; Hey, could you help me try and figure out how to get ready for my job interview?
B: The most important thing to do is to make sure you know the company and what services or products it provides. Do you know all about them?
A: Yes, I pretty much understand the company.
B: Well, after you've done your research, you have to decide whether the company is casual or formal. Have you decided what they are yet?
A: Yes, I've been observing them.
B: When you are choosing what to wear, keep all of that in mind. Have you chosen what to wear?
A: I already have something to wear.
B: I would always be ready to go shopping with you! Should we talk about other basics?
A: OK, I am ready to think of other things.
B: You need to make sure you arrive on time, smile, be pleasant and friendly, look the person in the eye and answer all questions to the best of your ability. You'll do great

2
A: I am not sure what to do to get ready for my job interview.
B: Make sure that you understand the company. Do you understand what it is that they do?
A: No, I probably need to do some more research.
B: When you've finished your research it will help you figure out whether your company is rigid in philosophy or kind of more relaxed. Does that make sense?
A: I think that their attitude is rather casual.
B: So all of that information will help you to pick out what to wear. Do you have something to wear?
A: I have absolutely nothing so far.
B: I could go shopping with you sometime if you need it, but can we talk about other basics?
A: Yes, where should we go from here?

B: Focus on being relaxed and open, don't forget to smile and shake hands and be genuinely interested in what their company is about. I'm sure you'll do well

1
A: I was wondering if you could help me use the Student Job Center.
B: There are many ways; what kind of job would you like?
A: I want to work in a restaurant.
B: Fine! Will you need part-time or full-time work?
A: I want to work part-time.
B: Fine, the two best ways are to use our local listings binders over there or you can use the computers with the Inteet job listing sites. See them over there?
A: Yes, I know what to do.
B: Well, in addition, you can schedule an appointment with a job counselor on this list. If you would like to do that, sign here, OK?
A: Yes, I think that would be great.
B: Fine, well the job search tools are all here for you to use. Feel free to look around and use what works best for you. Have fun with it!

2
A: Could you help me figure out how to look for a job?
B: We have lots of options, what type of job do you need?
A: I want to work in an office
B: Do you want to work part-time or full-time?
A: I want to work full-time.
B: We have binders with local job listings or you can make use of the computers. OK?
A: I am confused a bit but I am sure that I can figure it out.
B: If you make an appointment with a job counselor, they can also provide you with a lot of information. Do you want to see a counselor?
A: No, I don't think I need to do that.
B: Well, you know that this job center is here for your use, so help yourself. Good luck! 

During the twentieth century, there were great improvements in engineering technology.
These new developments allowed the construction of many amazing tuels, bridges,
towers, and office buildings.  
For centuries, people had dreamed about the possibility of coecting the island of Great
Britain to the mainland of Europe. However, it was only in 1994 that such a link was
completed, when a tuel was dug under the English Chael, between England and
France. The Chael Tuel, also known as the "Chuel," actually consists of three
separate railway tuels. These tuels are about 50 kilometres long. They are located
about 150 metres below the bottom of the sea. Obviously, this was an extremely
challenging project to undertake. As a result of the Chuel, it is now possible to travel
between London and Paris by train. And the trip takes only three hours, of which only 20
minutes are spent inside the tuel!  
A suspension bridge is a bridge that is supported by strong wires that hang from tall
towers. The world's longest suspension bridge is the Akashi-Kaikyo bridge, near the city
of Kobe, Japan. This bridge is nearly 4 kilometres long, and the two towers near the
middle of the bridge are about 2 kilometres apart! It took almost 20 years to design this
bridge, and 10 years to build it. This bridge was designed to withstand extremely strong
winds, because Japan often experiences wind storms called typhoons. The bridge was
also designed to withstand powerful earthquakes, which sometimes hit Japan.  
At the begiing of the twenty-first century, the world's tallest free-standing tower was
the Canadian National Tower, or the CN Tower. The CN tower is 553 metres tall. It is
located in the city of Toronto, within the Canadian province of Ontario. This structure was
built in 1975 as a television and radio tower. Before the CN tower was built, TV and radio
reception in the Toronto area was poor. This was because the TV and radio signals were
blocked by the buildings of downtown Toronto. When the CN tower was built, this
problem was solved. Of course, the CN tower is also a famous tourist attraction. People
can ride in the very fast elevators that take them to observation areas, which are at about
350 and 450 metres above the ground. www.salamzaban.com
Although the CN Tower is the world's tallest tower, it is not an office building. The tallest
buildings in the world are the Petronas Towers, in the city of Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia,
and the Sears Tower, in the American city of Chicago. The Sears Tower, which is 442
metres tall, was completed in 1974. It has 110 floors, and its top floor is the highest office
floor in the world. However, the Petronas Towers reach slightly higher, to a height of 452
metres. The Petronas Towers were completed in 1998.  
Obviously, the late twentieth century witnessed some amazing achievements of
engineering. It will be very interesting to see what new wonders will be constructed in the
twenty-first century!

without anyone stopping or limiting something
*the country's first freely elected president

*EU members are allowed to travel freely between member states.

talk/speak/write etc freely

*In France he could write freely, without fear of arrest.

*We went outside so that we could talk freely without being overheard

In many ways, the automobile has been one of the most important inventions of the
mode age. People have been able to travel much more freely, and across much greater
distances, than was possible in the past. The automobile, which most people refer to as
the "car," has also had some harmful consequences, such as pollution and accidents.
However, it is clear that life has changed profoundly as a result of the car.  
Mode cars are very complicated, but the basic idea of how a car works can be
described briefly. When the keys are tued in the ignition of the car, this creates a spark
that ignites some gasoline vapour inside a cylinder. Then, the rapid expansion of this
vapour pushes against a part called a piston. The movement of the piston then causes a
tuing motion in a shaft that is coected to the wheels. The wheels tu, and the car
moves.  
The invention of the car, and the engines used by cars, happened gradually in the late
nineteenth century, mainly in France and Germany. In the early twentieth century, an
American engineer named Henry Ford developed a new way of making cars. Instead of
having one worker produce an entire car, he had each worker perform one part of the
production of many different cars. This system was very efficient and allowed the mass
production of cars. The first car to be produced in large numbers was called the "Model
T."  
The Model T Ford and other cars that were soon produced in large numbers were cheap
enough that many people could afford to buy them. Many new roads were built and
paved throughout North America to allow cars to be driven from town to town. People
were able to travel much more easily and to visit places that had previously been difficult
to reach.  
Some problems also came with the widespread use of cars. One of these problems was
air pollution, because car engines bu gasoline, which produces poisonous exhaust
fumes. Gradually, new laws and new technology have led to reductions in the air
pollution that is caused by cars. Moreover, cars today are much more "fuel efficient" than
they were in the past, requiring less gasoline to travel a given distance. However, this
pollution is still a problem because of the many millions of cars that are used each day.  
Another problem has been car accidents, which have caused many thousands of deaths
each year. During the 1960s, some joualists brought attention to the unsafe features of
many cars. As a result, the safety of cars has been greatly improved. In addition, the use
of seat belts is now required by law. However, car accidents continue to be a serious
problem.  
The future is likely to bring many interesting new changes to the car. Improvements in
the safety of cars, in fuel efficiency, and in the cleanliness of car emissions are
continuing to be made. Also, the increasing use of the car in economically developing
countries will probably have important effects upon people's lives around the world. 

In most countries today, people think it is obvious that all adults should have the right to
vote in democratic elections. But it was not so long ago that women did not have this
right. Only after a long struggle did women gain the right to vote.  
By the early nineteenth century, mode democratic forms of govement were
appearing in the United States, Great Britain, and some European countries. In these
countries, most adult men had the right to vote in democratic elections. Some men were
denied this right if they were poor or if they belonged to a racial minority group, but
gradually this right was extended to all men.  
It took much longer for women to gain the right to vote. Only in special cases, such as
that of a widow who owned land, could a woman be allowed to vote. Many men believed
that it was not necessary for women to vote, because they assumed that the husband
should decide on behalf of his wife. Some men believed that women did not possess the
intelligence or the discipline to vote carefully. Some women also believed that women
should not be involved in politics, but many others wanted the right to vote.  
By about the year 1850, some women began to organize in an effort to change the laws
regarding women and the vote. This movement was known as the "woman suffrage"
movement, because the word "suffrage" means voting. Leaders such as Susan B.
Anthony and Elizabeth Cady Stanton brought attention to this issue, and persuaded
many people that women should vote.  
The first part of the United States to recognize women's right to vote was Wyoming, in
the year 1869. During the following decades, many other states recognized women's right
to vote, particularly in the weste part of the country, where women had a high social
status. However, the United States was not the first country to recognize women's right
to vote at the national level.  
The first country to recognize women's right to vote was New Zealand, in 1893. Soon
after, Australia also allowed women to vote, and so did the Scandinavian countries of
northe Europe. But in countries such as the United States, Canada, and Great Britain,
women could not yet vote. Women in those countries struggled to gain the vote. For
example, in Great Britain, Emmeline Pankhurst and her daughters participated in hunger
strikes.  
During World War One (1914-1918), women's work efforts were very important to wiing
the war, and people's attitudes were increasingly in favor of women having the right to
vote. Women then gained the right to vote in Canada, the United States, and Great Britain.
Gradually, other democracies around the world also recognized women's right to vote.  
Today, it seems difficult to believe that women were not allowed to vote only a few
generations ago. But there is still progress to be made. In most countries, women are
under-represented among political leaders. Perhaps the day will soon come when women
are elected as often as men. 

haphazardly

adv. having no order or patte, by chance
adj. haphazard
Syn. arbitrarily, carelessly
n. haphazardness

It was obvious that the house was built haphazardly.
Susan completed the assignment in a haphazard way.
Bushes growing haphazardly here and there.
Tehran grew in a haphazard way.
Books were piled on shelves haphazardly.
The selection of the team members was haphazard.

inevitable

adj. something that caot be prevented from happening, certain to happen:

adv. inevitably

n. inevitability

When two weather systems meet, unsettled weather conditions are inevitable.
The inevitability of the outcome made the challenge less exciting.
A further escalation of the crisis now seems inevitable.

it is inevitable (that)
It's inevitable that doctors will make the occasional mistake.
inevitable consequence/result Disease was an inevitable consequence of poor living conditions.
death is the inevitable end of life.  
his defeat is inevitable.  
those agressive acts made war inevitable.  
an inevitable result. 

A confrontation was inevitable because they disliked each other so much.
They reached the inevitable conclusion that the money must have been stolen.
the inevitable consequences of his actions.
Given the current financial situation, it was inevitable that the dollar would be devalued.
He was, inevitably, upset by her departure, but he soon got over it.
The decision will inevitably lead to political tensions.
Inevitably, the situation did not please everyone.
the inevitability of death.

highlight

v. to emphasize the part of a greater whole, to pick out (something) as an important

part; throw attention onto:

n. highlight (the most important, interesting, or enjoyable part of something such

as a holiday, performance, or sports competition)

Syn. emphasize

The manual highlights basic operation of the videotape player.
The final goal was the highlight of the game.
facts that highlight the need for change
Your resume should highlight your skills and achievements.
Use the cursor to highlight the name of the document you want to print.
Recorded highlights of today’s big football game will be shown after the news.
That weekend in Venice was definitely the highlight of our trip.
At 11.30 we'll be showing highlights from the Third Round of the FA Cup.
the highlights of her speech.  
the highlight of our trip was the visit to Takht- Jamsheed.

heighten

v. to cause to become greater

n. height (1. a very high level of achievement or success 2.a very great level or degree)

adj. heightened

Syn. intensify

A very successful interview can heighten a candidate's chances to get a job.
The public teas in a heightened state of nervousness as the hurricane approached.
to heighten a wall.
As she waited, her excitement heightened.

The dramatic lighting heightened the effect of the exhibition.
There are fears that the march will heighten racial tension.
Increased levels of fat in the diet could heighten the risk of cancer.
heighten (somebody's) awareness (of something) (=make people realize something more clearly)

The case has heightened public awareness of the problem.
He reached the dizzy heights of the national finals.
They took ice dancing to new heights .
War fever had reached new heights.
It’s the height of stupidity to go sailing when you can’t swim.
She always dresses in the height of fashion.
at the height of the storm/the tourist season.
when the crisis/the famine was at its height.

encompass

v. 1.to surround completely; 2.to include or be conceed with (a wide range of activities, subjects, ideas, etc.);

Syn. include

Her plan of the study encompasses every aspect of computer science.
The course encompasses all the literature of the nineteenth century.
The study encompasses the social, political, and economic aspects of the situation.
The course encompasses the whole of English literature since 1850.
a large company whose activities encompass printing, publishing, and computers
The enemy encompassed the city.
Doubts and fears encompassed her.
a thick fog encompassed the building.  
the book encompasses a variety of subjects

Essential Words for the TOEFL- Lesson 16

conscientious  convey  encompass  expansion  heighten
highlight  inadvertently  inevitable  infancy  miraculously
retrieve  systematically unlikely  unwarranted  zenith

conscientious

adj. showing serious purpose; one who works carefully and with enthusiasm, careful to do everything that it is your job or duty to do, showing great care, attention, or seriousness of purpose:

adv. conscientiously
N.  conscientiousness

Syn. meticulous

She is a conscientious representative of the student body.
They approached the task conscientiously.
a conscientious worker.
a conscientious piece of work.
A conscientious teacher may feel inclined to take work home.
a conscientious and hard-working student.
he is very conscientious in his work.  
a conscientious reader.  
a most conscientious piece of work.  
his conscientiousness and loyalty to the company.

مشهورترین و سرشناس ترین ایرانیان در دنیا

فکر می کنید دانستن زبان انگلیسی در موفقیت اشخاص نقشی دارد؟

فکر می کنید دانستن زبان انگلیسی در موفقیت اشخاص نقشی دارد؟

تصویر جمشید دلشاد شهردار شهر بورلی هیلز آمریکا

امید کردستانی معاون ارشد google در حال سخنرانی در سمینار

تصویر فریار شیرزاد معاون مشاور رئیس جمهور و شورای ملی امنیت ایالات متحده

حسین اسلامبولچی رئیس شرکت مخابرات در آمریکا

تصویر علی دیزایی از فرماندهان ارشد پلیس لندن ( مشاور حقوقی انجمن افسران پلیس لندن )

تصویر امیر مجیدی مهر معاون ارشد کمپانی مایکروسافت ( سمت چپ )

تصویر انوشه انصاری اولین زن فضانورد ایرانی

تصویر پروفسور Caro Lucas پدر رباتیک ایران

تصویر ماریا خرند مدیر موفق کمپانی سونی اریکسون

تصویر مینو اخترزند مدیر راه آهن کشور سوئد

تصویر سیما تمدن معاون ارشد شرکت apple

تصویر پروفسور توفیق موسیوند مخترع نخستین قلب مصنوعی داخل بدن انسان

به سرعت به مکالمه زبان انگلیسی مسلط شوید

امروزه یادگیری لااقل یک زبان بیگانه از ضروریات زندگی است .ای.جی.هگ (A.J.Hoge)مدرس وکارشناس زبان عقیده دارد اگر چنانچه زبان آموزان این پنج اشتباه را مرتکب نشوند قادر خواهند بود بسرعت به مکالمه زبان انگلیسی مسلط شوند.این ۵خطا عبارتنداز:

۱-تمرکز بر گرامر(دستور زبان):یکی از بزرگترین اشتباه های زبان آموزان توجه وتمرکز بیش ازحد بر گرامر است.تحقیقات نشان داده است که مطالعه مفرط دستور زبان انگلیسی بشدت از مهارت مکالمه می کاهد .برعکس شنیدن وصحبت کردن یادگیری را تسریع می کند.در یک کشور انگلیسی زبان  وبهنگام برخورد وتعامل بامردم شما هرگز زمانی برای اندیشیدن و یاد آوری صدها وهزاران قاعده گرامر انگلیسی  راندارید .مغز شما اصلا قادر به این کار نمی باشد.شما باید از قواعد دستور زبان  مانند یک کودک وبطور ناخودآگاه  استفاده کنید. با شنیدن وگفتگو ی مستمروبی وقفه شما خواهید توانست قواعد بیشمار زبان انگلیسی رابیاموزیدو آنهارا بطور صحیح بکارببرید.
۲-اجبار درصحبت کردن:متاسفانه بسیاری از آموزگاران  به اشتباه سعی می کنند پیش از آنکه شاگردان آمادگی لازم را کسب کنند آن هارا وادار به صحبت کردن  کنند در نتیجه اغلب این افراد بسیار کندوبدون اعتماد به نفس وبادشواری انگلیسی حرف می زنند.توصیه می شود هیچگاه انگلیسی حرف زدن را به شاگردان خودتحمیل نکنید.بلکه بیشتر برروی شنیدن و گوش فرادادن تمرکز کرده وشکیبا باشید.

۳-مطالعه صرف کتاب های درسی:بیشتر محصلان زبان تلاش میکنند انگلیسی را فقط از طریق کتاب های رسمی ودر مدارس وآموزشگاه هافرابگیرند.که البته این شیوه درستی  نیست.زیراهیچ فردانگلیسی زبانی ازچنین روشی برای یادگیری زبان مادری اش استفاده نمی کند.انگلیسی زبانان معمولا به هنگام گفتگو باخویشان ودوستان وهمکاران خود به زبان محاوره ای وغیر رسمی وباصطلاح خودمانی حرف می زنندکه سرشار از اصطلاحات وعبارات محلی وبومی است.تماس با این قبیل افراد شمارا دریادگیری سریع زبان یاری می رساند.بنابر این هرگز صرفا به کتب درسی متکی نشوید.

۴-سعی در کامل وبی نقص بودن:آموزگاران وشاگردان معمولا برروی اشتباه هاواشکال ها متمرکز می شوند.ایشان اغلب از خطاها واشتباهات  ناراحت وعصبانی می شوند.آنها سعی می کنندبی نقص صحبت کننددر حالیکه هیچکس حتی خود انگلیسی زبان ها در مکالمه مصون از خطانیستند.بجای توجه وتمرکز برخطا ها واشکال ها بکوشید به نفس ارتباط وتعامل بیندیشید.فراموش نکنید که هدف شما از یادگیری زبان بدون اشتباه صحبت کردن نیست بلکه برقراری ارتباط ومبادله اطلاعات وتبادل آرا واندیشه هاست.پس به روابط بیندیشید   مثبت فکرکنید واطمینان داشته باشیدکه اشتباهات شما به مرور زمان اصلاح خواهدشد.

۵-اتکا به مدارس وآموزشگاه ها:متاسفانه بیشتر یاد گیرندگان زبان فکرمی کنندکه فقط از طریق آموزشگاه ها می توان انگلیسی را آموخت.آنها تصورمیکنند موفقیتشان در گرو آموزشگاه وآموزگار است.در صورتیکه این تفکر از اساس غلط وبی پایه است.البته یک آموزگار خوب وباتجربه دریاد گیری زبان نقش موثری ایفا می کند امادر نهایت این خود شماهستید که نقش تعیین کننده را بازی می کنید.باید کتابهایی را انتخاب کنید که موثرتروکارامد ترهستند. باید هرروزمشتاق تروپرانگیزه تر گوش کنیدو بخوانید.ویقین داشته باشید که هیچ معلمی قادر به انجام دادن معجزه نیست بلکه این خود شماهستید که اگر بخواهید خواهید توانست.

دختر کروات بعد از به هوش آمدن آلمانی صحبت می کند

یک دختر اهل کرواسی پس از تصادف به کما رفت و بعد از به هوش آمدن به زبان آلمانی صحبت می کرد.
به نقل از روزنامه دیلی میل،”ساندرا رالیک” در پی تصادف رانندگی به کما رفت و پس از ۲۴ ساعت به هوش آمد اما زبان مادری خودش را یادش رفت ولی زبان آلمانی را مانند زبان مادری خود صحبت کرد.

خانواده رالیک می گوید که وی قبلا به طور کوتاه مدت کلاس آلمانی رفته و فقط می توانسته چند جمله صحبت کند.
رئیس بیمارستان کیبی اسپلیت دژومیر ماراسوویچ در این مورد می گوید: هنوز دلیل این واقعه بی نظیر مشخص نیست و برای این منظور از متخصصین آلمانی دعوت کرده اند.
وی حادثه پیش آمده را یک معجزه توصیف کرد.

ضرورت یادگیری زبان و وبلاگ نویسی به زبان انگلیسی

چه بخواهیم و چه نخواهیم، امروز وبلاگ ها به عنوان آزادترین رسانه، منبع بسیار مهم و معتبر اطلاعات هستند. چرا که اصلا، محصول رسانه ای به نام "اینترنت"اند، که در حال حاضر به سبب ارتباط دو طرفه رسانه با کاربر، کامل ترین; و به دلیل سهولت و گستردگی در دنیا، موثرترین; و به علت عدم امکان کنترل کامل آن، موثق ترین و نیز محبوب ترین رسانه محسوب می شود.

چه بخواهیم و چه نخواهیم، امروز وبلاگ ها به عنوان آزادترین رسانه، منبع بسیار مهم و معتبر اطلاعات هستند. چرا که اصلا، محصول رسانه ای به نام "اینترنت"اند، که در حال حاضر به سبب ارتباط دو طرفه رسانه با کاربر، کامل ترین; و به دلیل سهولت و گستردگی در دنیا، موثرترین; و به علت عدم امکان کنترل کامل آن، موثق ترین و نیز محبوب ترین رسانه محسوب می شود.وبلاگ ها منبع مهم اطلاعات هستند و این نکته اگر از دید ما ایرانیان مغفول مانده است، شواهد نشان می دهد که دیگران از آن غافل نیستند. در هزاره  سوم، اعتماد مردم، به خصوص نخبه گان جهان به رسانه های دولتی اعم از رادیویی و تلویزیونی کم تر و به همین اندازه محبوبیت و اقبال اینترنت زیادتر شده است و افراد و گروه ها برای کسب اطلاعات واقعی از هر موضوع به پایگاه های اینترنتی و به خصوص وبلاگ ها مراجعه می کنند. چرا که منتشر کننده محتوای وبلاگ ها، نه دولت ها و قدرت ها، بلکه اشخاص هستند و این خود باعث صداقت و در نتیجه اعتماد بیشتر مخاطبان است. به علاوه در جستجوهای اینترنتی نیز وبلاگ ها معمولا در صدر نتایج جستجو ظاهر می شوند.بخش مهمی از ذهنیت و تفکر مردم (به خصوص نخبه گان) دنیا از دنیا! و آن چه در آن می گذرد، آن چیزی است که از رسانه ها، و با توجه به دلایلی که گفته شد به خصوص از سایت ها و وبلاگ ها دریافت می کنند. و هرچه دسترسی فیزیکی شان به موضوع مورد نظر محدود تر باشد (مانند موضوع ایران)، استفاده از فضای مجازی موضوعیت بیشتری پیدا می کند. این مسئله به خصوص در مورد اخبار و موضوعات علمی، فرهنگی، اجتماعی و سیاسی بیشتر صادق است. کسانی که دنبال کننده جو فرهنگی، مسائل اجتماعی، اخبار سیاسی و غیره یک جریان و یک کشور (مثل ایران) هستند، هیچ گاه به تنهایی صدا و سیمای جمهوری اسلامی و شبکه های ماهواره ای اسلامی و حتی خبرگزاری های رسمی را به عنوان ماخذ اطلاعات خود، به صورت مطلق نمی دانند! پس یا اطلاعات خود را از وبلاگ های ایرانی و اسلامی می گیرند و یا از رسانه های غربی و شرقی تاثیر می پذیرند. و متاسفانه می دانیم که در حال حاضر تعداد وبلاگ های ایرانی و اسلامی که به زبان انگلیسی (گمان نمی کنم لزومی به توضیح باشد که چرا "انگلیسی" و چرا مثلا "اسپرانتو" نه!) منتشر شوند، بسیار کم است و چون خارجی ها معمولا زحمت یادگیری زبان فارسی و عربی را به خود نمی دهند، ناخودآگاه رسانه های انگلیسی زبان غربی وظیفه اطلاع رسانی به افکار عمومی دنیا را به نحو احسن! انجام می دهند و به همین خاطر امروز (یا امشب!) اگر در اتاق های گفتگوی "یاهو" از یک اروپایی درباره ایران بپرسید،اگر دیدید که ; از هر دو نفر یک نفر معتقد است که ایرانی ها با شتر به مسافرت می روند! تعجب نکنید .متاسفانه این ها طیف متصل به شبکه جهانی هستند . البته اگر از این بین کسانی جدا به دنبال حقیقت باشند و برای شناخت ایران کمی به خود بیشتر زحمت بدهند، معدود وبلاگ های انگلیسی زبان خارج از کشور، وظیفه ای را که ما ایرانیان، در انجام آن کوتاهی کرده ایم، به خوبی انجام می دهند. همان که ما به آن سیاه نمایی می گوییم.
نتیجه آن که:همه  مشکلات بشر دیروز و امروز از نادانی بوده و هست. در بازار داغ انتشار اخبار دروغ و جنگ روانی غرب علیه ایران، نوشتن درباره حقایق و واقعیت های ایران (از تمدن، فرهنگ، اخلاقیات و روحیات مردم گرفته تا اخبار واقعی اجتماعی و سیاسی) آن هم به زبان انگلیسی، وظیفه ملی هر ایرانی است! به ویژه حالا می توانید با انگلیسی نویسی، خارجی ها را از عظمت فرهنگ و تمدن ایران و آثار تاریخی و جاذبه های توریستی آن مطلع سازید تا علاوه بر جلوگیری از ساخت یا حداقل تاثیرگذاری فیلم هایی نظیر 300، موجبات تبادل فرهنگی، گفتگوهای تمدن ها، گسترش صنعت گردش گری و سود سرشار اقتصادی آن را پدید آورید! و البته مزیت های فراوان دیگر که انگلیسی نویسی وبلاگ ها برای ما دارد. فقط کافی است بنویسیم! نه این که لزوما به طور مستقیم درباره موضوعات بالا بنویسیم، نه! که نوشتن حتی درباره مسائل روزمره، می تواند کمک کند به این که شناخت بیشتری از ما به کسانی که در این دهکده جهانی هستند بدهد . به عقیده من وبلاگ نویسی به زبان انگلیسی درباره حقیقت و واقعیت اسلام نیز، برای آنان که دغدغه اسلام و صدور انقلاب دارند، وظیفه دینی محسوب می شود. ضمن این که ارتباط  با مسلمانان دنیا، به ویژه تازه مسلمانان اروپایی و آمریکایی که عمدتا انگلیسی زبان اند یا لااقل توانایی خواندن و نوشتن انگلیسی را دارند، می تواند بر تشکیل امت مجازی اسلامی و رشد و بالندگی اسلام و مسلمین بی انجامد. آن وقت، دیگر هنگامی که مسئله مهمی مانند توهین به پیامبر اعظم اتفاق می افتد راه کارهای بسیاری اعم از جمع آوری امضاهای اینترنتی و ایجاد فضای گفتگو در تالارهای گفتمان مجازی وجود خواهد داشت. دیده ایم که آن موقع کارهای مقطعی مانند ایجاد اعتراض نامه های الکترونیک متعدد و راه اندازی سایتی به زبان انگلیسی! آن هم بعد از چند روز از گذشتن ماجرا به هیچ وجه مفید فایده نخواهد بود، چرا که تاثیر گذاری بر دو اصل گستردگی و مداومت استوار است.بسیاری هم  می توانند از این طریق به بهتر شدن مهارت نوشتن انگلیسی (skill writing  ) خویش کمک کنند که برای آینده شغلی و تحصیلی شان و فهم دیالوگ های DVD   های زیرنویس دار! وموارد دیگر بسیار  مفید است. کما اینکه این فرصتی است تا شخص یادگیری های گذشته اش را در انگلیسی در معرض امتحان قرار دهد . می بینید که با توضیحات بالا، وبلاگ نویسی به زبان انگلیسی از هر نظر، برای کاربران با هر طرز تفکر، اجتناب ناپذیر است. پس:   !writeinEnglish Lets  و البته نباید فراموش کرد که تولید محتوای فارسی نیز در کنار ایجاد ارتباط به زبان انگلیسی امری واجب است.

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شماره تلفنبانک ملت 8132

ملی
شماره تلفنبانک ملی
2784
09622

موسسه مالی و اعتباری سینا
شماره تلفنبانک سینا
82487

موسسه مالی واعتباری مهر
شماره تلفن بانک مهر
82470

موسسه مالی واعتباری انصار
48089

kiss

A very beautiful woman was walking on the roof
of a building and she fell down.

On her way falling down, an American man caught her.
She said: 'Oh thank you, you saved my life; I'll do ANYTHING for you...'
The man said: 'Okay then, kiss me.'
She said: 'You PIG!! NEVER!!'
So he said:'FINE!' and he dropped her down....

So she's falling and screaming....
Suddenly a German man caught her in the air from his balcony.
She said:'Oh thank you, you saved me; I'll do anything that you ask...'
The guy said: 'Fraulein, kiss me.'
She replied: 'Oh you nasty pig!!! NEVER!'
So the man said: 'Fine!!!' and he also dropped her down again.

She's falling and thinking that it was better if she kissed one of those men and now she's going to die.
Suddenly, a man caught the woman from his balcony.
She said: 'Oh thank you, you saved my life, I'll kiss you!!'
The man replies: "Astaghfar Allah" and dropped her!!!!!!!

۱۰ درس شگفت انگیز از زندگی انیشتین

۱ . کنجکاوی را دنبال کنید

“من هیچ استعداد خاصی ندارم .فقط عاشق کنجکاوی هستم “

چگونه کنجکاوی خودتان را تحریک می کنید ؟ من کنجکاو هستم. مثلا پیدا کردن علت اینکه چگونه یک شخص موفق است و شخص دیگری شکست می خورد .به همین دلیل است که من سال ها وقت صرف مطالعه موفقیت کرده ام . شما بیشتر در چه مورد کنجکاو هستید ؟

پیگیری کنجکاوی شما رازی است برای رسیدن به موفقیت.

۲ .پشتکار گرانبها است

“من هوش خوبی ندارم، فقط روی مشکلات زمان زیادی میگذارم”

تمام ارزش تمبر پستی توانایی آن به چسبیدن به چیزی است تا زمانی که آن را برساند.مانند تمبر پستی باشید ؛ مسابقه ای که شروع کرده اید را به پایان برسانید .

با پشتکار می توانید به مقصد برسید.

۳ .تمرکز بر حال

“مردی که بتواند در حالی که دختر زیبایی را می بوسد با ایمنی رانندگی کند ، به بوسه اهمیتی را که سزاوار آن هست نمیدهد “

پدرم به من می گفت نمی توانی در یک زمان بر ۲ اسب سوار شوی .من دوست داشتم بگویم تو می توانی هر چیزی را انجام بدهی اما نه همه چیز .یاد بگیرید که در حال باشید.تمام حواستان را بدهید به کاری که در حال حاضر انجام میدهید.

انرژی متمرکز، توان افراد است، و این تفاوت پیروزی و شکست است .

۴ .تخیل قدرتمند است .

“تخیل همه چیز است .می تواند باعث جذاب شدن زندگی شود .تخیلی به مراتب از دانش مهم تر است “

آیا شما از تخیلات روزانه استفاده می کنید ؟ تخیل از دانش مهم تر است ! تخیل شما پیش نمایش آینده شما است .نشانه واقعی هوش دانش نیست ، تخیل است.

آیا شما هر روز ماهیچه های تخیلتان را تمرین می دهید ؟اجازه ندهید چیزهای قدرتمندی مثل تخیل به حالت سکون دربیایند.

۵ .اشتباه کردن

“کسی که هیچ وقت اشتباه نمی کند هیچ وقت هم چیز جدید یاد نمیگیرد “

هرگز از اشتباه کردن نترسید .اشتباه شکست نیست .اشتباهات شما را بهتر،زیرک تر و سریع تر می کنند، اگر شما از آنها استفاده مناسب کنید . قدرتی که منجر به اشتباه می شود را کشف کنید .

من این را قبل گفته ام ،و اکنون هم می گویم ، اگر می خواهید به موفقیت برسید اشتباهاتی که مرتکب می شوید را ۳ برابر کنید .

۶ .زندگی در لحظه

“من هیچ موقع در مورد آینده فکر نمی کنم ،خودش بزودی خواهد آمد”

تنها راه درست آینده شما این است که در “همین لحظه ” باشید .

شما زمان حال را با دیروز یا فردا نمی توانید عوض کنید .،بنابراین این از اهمیت فوق العاده برخوردار است، که شما تمام تلاش خود را به زمان جاری اختصاص دارید .این تنها زمانی است که اهمیت دارد ، این تنها زمانی است که وجود دارد .

۷ .خلق ارزش

“سعی نکنید موفق شوید ، بلکه سعی کنید با ارزش شوید “

وقت خود را به تلاش برای موفق شدن هدر ندهید،وقت خود را صرف ایجاد ارزش کنید .اگر شما با ارزش باشید ،موفقیت را جذب می کنید

استعدادها و موهبت هایی که دارید را کشف کنید ، بیاموزید چگونه آن استعدادها و موهبت های الهی را در راهی استفاده کنید که برای دیگران مفید باشد .

تلاش کنید تا با ارزش شوید و موفقیت شما را تعقیب خواهد کرد .

۸ .انتظار نتایج متفاوت نداشته باشید.

“دیوانگی : انجام کاری دوباره و دوباره و انتظار نتایج متفاوت داشتن “

شما نمی توانید کاری را هر روز انجام دهید و انتظار نتایج متفاوت داشته باشید ،به عبارت دیگر، نمی توانید همیشه کار یکسانی (کارهای روزمره) را انجام دهید، و انتظار داشته باشید متفاوت به نظر برسید.برای اینکه زندگی تان تغیر کند، باید خودتان را تا سر حد تغییر افکار و اعمالتان متفاوت کنید، که متعاقبا زندگی تان تغییر خواهد کرد.

۹ .دانش از تجربه می آید .

“اطلاعات به معنای دانش نیست . تنها منبع دانش تجربه است “

دانش از تجربه می آید . شما می توانید درباره انجام یک کار بحث کنید ، اما این بحث فقط دانش فلسفی از این کار به شما می دهد .شما باید این کار را تجربه کنید تا از آن آگاهی پیدا کنید .تکلیف چیست ؟ دنبال کسب تجربه باشید !

وقت خودتون رو صرف یادگرفتن اطلاعات اضافی نکنید .دست بکار شوید و دنبال کسب تجربه باشید .

۱۰ .اول قوانین را یاد بگیرید بعد بهتر بازی کنید.

“اگر شما قوانین بازی را یاد بگیرید از هر کس دیگر بهتر بازی خواهید کرد”

۲ گام هست که شما باید انجام بدهید .اولین گام این است که شما باید قوانین بازی که می کنید را یاد بگیرید ،این یک امر حیاتی است.گام دوم این که شما باید بازی را از هر فرد دیگری بهتر انجام بدهید .اگر شما بتوانید این ۲ گام را انجام دهید موفقیت از آن شما می شود .

بال مرغ- خطرناک!

hicken Wings - Its Dangerous

Avoid eating chicken wings frequently - ladies, especially; a true story...!

A friend of mine recently had a growth in her womb and she underwent an operation to remove it. The cyst removed was filled with a dark colored blood. She thought that she would be recovered after the surgery but! she was terribly wrong.

Chicken Wings - Its Dangerous

Avoid eating chicken wings frequently - ladies, especially; a true story...!

A friend of mine recently had a growth in her womb and she underwent an operation to remove it. The cyst removed was filled with a dark colored blood. She thought that she would be recovered after the surgery but! she was terribly wrong.

A relapse occurred just a few months later. Distressed , she rushed down to her gynecologist for a consultation.

During her consultation, her doctor asked her a question that puzzled her. He ask if she was a frequent consumer of chicken wings and she replied yes wondering as to how, he knew of her eating habits. You see, the truth is in this mode day and age; chickens are injected with steroids to accelerate their growth so that the needs of this society can be met. This need is none other than the need for food.

Chickens that are injected with steroids are usually given the shot at the  neck or the wings. Therefore, it is in these places that the highest concentration of steroids exists. These steroids have terrifying effects on the body as it accelerates growth.. It has an even more dangerous effect in the presence of female hormones, this leads to women being more prone to the growth of a cyst in the womb. Therefore, I advise the people out there to watch their diets and to lower their frequency of consuming chicken wings!

People, who read this text, please forward it to your friends and loved ones. I am sure no one wants to see him or her suffer!
Regards,
Sharon How

بال مرغ- خطرناک!

از خوردن پی در پی بال مرغ بپرهیزید. به ویژه بانوان. داستان زیر واقعیست...!

یکی از دوستان من به منظور برداشتن زائده ای که اخیرا در رحمش رشد کرده بود، تحت عمل جراحی قرار گرفت. کیست برداشته شده پر از مایع خون مانند و تیره رنگی بود. به گمانش، پس از این جراحی سلامتی خود را باز یافته است. او سخت در اشتباه بود!

تنها چند ماه پس از عمل جراحی بیماری او دوباره عود کرد. با پریشانی جهت تشخیص به متخصص زنان خویش مراجعه کرد.

در طول معاینه، پزشک سوالی از او پرسید که او را به تعجب واداشت. پزشک از او پرسیده بود که آیا او از مصرف کننده های پروپا قرص بال مرغ است و او در حالی که به این سوال پاسخ مثبت می  داد با خود می اندیشید که چطور پزشک زنان از عادات غذایی او باخبر است!!! ببینید، واقعیت این است که امروزه در این دنیای مدرن برای تسریع رشد، به مرغ ها هورمون استروئید تزریق می شود تا میزان نیاز جامعه تامین گردد. این نیاز، نیازی نیست جز نیاز غذایی اجتماع.

تزریق استروئید به مرغ در ناحیه گردن یا بال انجام می شود. بنابراین تجمع استروئید در این دو ناحیه از همه جا بیشتر است. استروئیدها دارای اثرات وحشتناکی بر روی بدن انسان هستند...علاوه بر تسریع رشد، اثرات بسیار خطرناک تری در مجاورت با هورمون های زنانه ایجاد می کنند که منجر می شود تا زنان هرچه بیشتر مستعد رشد کیست در رحم خود باشند. بنابراین توصیه می شود که افراد مراقب رژیم غذایی خود بوده، از دفعات استفاده از بال مرغ بکاهند!

این متن  را برای دوستان و عزیزانتان ارسال نمایید. قطعا هیچ کس نمی خواهد شاهد عذاب کشیدن عزیزی باشد!

ترجمه اشعار زیبای فارسی به انگلیسی ـ یادش بخیر

یه توپ دارم قلقلیه
I have a ball roundy rounded,
It's red ,white and blue.
When I hit it against the ground,
You have no idea how far it goes.
I didn't have this ball.
I did my homeworks well.
My dad gave me an Eid gift.
Gave me a rounded ball